Should Teacher Pay Be Based On Student Test Scores? Essay example -- m

For years, educators and government officials have argued what the most effective system of payment is for teachers in the United States. Government officials state that a â€Å"merit pay† system, where teacher pay would reflect the students’ test scores, would be the most effective and would increase teacher performance. Teachers, on the other hand, see the merit pay system as a threat to their salaries and fear that they cannot control student performance. The debate will continue for years to come. However, many people will agree that set teacher salary systems are more conducive to teaching students and maintaining a stable learning environment for all. Merit pay, also known as performance pay, systems have existed since 1862. Beginning in England, these systems focused on how many students attended classes and the number of students passing (Harris). The main goal of this particular system, in the Progressive Era, was to attract the finest teachers to certain areas and to make sure that children in the schools were learning a sufficient education. As time progressed, the same basic goals of the program have remained relatively the same. However, the popularity of the pay-for-performance program has wavered since its origination. For example, when the Russians launched Sputnik, there was a drastic push for academic excellence across the United States (Harris). In turn, many merit pay systems were implemented in hopes of giving teachers plenty of incentives and enticing them to perform to the best of their abilities. Most schools that applied the pay-for-performance plan within their school systems had dropped the program in t he next ten years. Many other countries, like Mexico and Bolivia, have also experimented with s... ...ty of Wisconsin-Madison, Aug. 2007. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. . Kobakhidze, Magda N. "Teacher Incentives and the Future of Merit-Based Pay in Georgia." Editorial. European Education 2010: 68-89. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. Rosales, John. "NEA - Examining Merit Pay." NEA - NEA Home. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. . Smarick, Andy. "Diplomatic Mi$$ion." Editorial. Education Next 2011: 56-63. Education Full Text. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. Springer, Matthew G. Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2009. Print Williamson, Ronald. "Education Partnerships, Inc." Education Partnerships Inc. 23 Apr. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. .

America in the 1950’s

McCarthyism, which found its main thrust in the Alien Registration Act of 1940, made difficult for immigrants because of its stringent requirements that they declare their political beliefs. These statements were rigorous disclosures of the status of these immigrants—which included current employment status and previous political affiliations. McCarthyism was also responsible for the purging of the Motion Picture industry in Hollywood of persons suspected of being communist sympathizers or activists. In the government’s efforts to upset the position of the Communists in the United States, it succeeded in terrorizing many innocents. This was occasioned in many courts by the accepting even inconclusive evidence brought against citizens. People loss their jobs and became imprisoned on charges that were non-substantial and that in later years would be deemed unconstitutional or otherwise actionable. Mistrust was bred among immigrant colleagues and members of the motion picture or other industries (Davidson, 2002). Dynamic conservatism is described as a tendency within a population to struggle for the maintenance of the status quo. This status quo maintenance is found desirable for the sake of stability within a state. The phenomenon is considered dynamic, as it is based on an active attempt to fight against forces that seek to overthrow or change the established order. Dynamic conservatism is more than mere resistance to change, as it includes mechanisms that learn from situations and make targeted efforts at strengthening the forces within the organization (or state) that are concerned with preservation of the status quo. With regard to the activities of the 1950’s, dynamic conservatism refers to Eisenhower’s domestic policy that supported and strengthened the New Deal giving it more legitimacy. It involved scaling down of the budget and the removal of federal influence in certain aspects of the country’s running (Davidson, 2002). Politics of consensus represented a form of agreement within the governmental, economic, and societal bodies. It involves a widespread understanding that consultation among these actors will take place regarding issues that are of national importance. It sought to create a harmonization of the ideas and desires of the influential and representative bodies in the country (such as trade unions and political parties). The party in power creates a system by which it seeks out the input and suggestions of all the involved entities. This provokes consideration of all the interests that attach to certain political decisions and seeks to ensure the inclusion of these interests in the final solution. The politics of consensus, as is implied by the term â€Å"consensus† seeks to identify a solution that is created by all and accepted by all involved. Therefore, rather than decisions being representative of the triumph of one party or group over another, it would reflect the cooperation of all groups in the taking of a political or socio-economic decision. Before Dwight Eisenhower came to the presidency, Americans faced uncertainty in an economy that was recovering from the depression of the 1920’s and 1930’s while being in the middle of a war (World War II). Consumer confidence was low, as resources were scarce and tapped. However, recovery came during the Eisenhower administration, when the American society entered an era of consumerism in which the values and actions of the consumer played a dominant role in the country’s economics. The economy was growing vastly, and income levels were increasing. This created not just more money in families, but also more leisure among Americans. Consumer confidence was high, as was confidence in the state of the American economy. This led to increased spending, and the resultant materialism. From the president, Americans no longer required specific action but the assurance that such prosperity would continue, and the moderation that defined Eisenhower’s administration reflected the surface contentment of the American society (Davidson, 2002). While the exact beginning of the Civil Rights Movement is unclear, a major revolutionary marker was the Supreme Court decision that maintaining and mandating separate facilities for different races was inherently unequal. This occurred in the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education case, which overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson case over a half century earlier. This was followed hard upon by the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, which took place in Alabama. It represented a more concerted effort on the part of black persons to garner the recognition of their rights to use the facilities provided by their country in an equal way. This event, which was triggered by the refusal of Rosa Parks to move to the back of a bus, led to an explosion of civil rights demonstrations in the South and around the country. The United States became interested in helping France to retain hold of its territory in Vietnam. The problem of communism was related to this, as the doctrine of communism containment heralded by Harry Truman targeted the communist stronghold region—South East Asia. This region was made up of many small communist countries, and their size made it more likely that they (rather than larger communist counterparts) should fall. The domino effect was considered by Eisenhower as how such a fall should occur. He proposed to target one country in that area, and expected the subsequent fall of the others. The initial communist party was begun by Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam, who sought independence from the Vichy French. Warlike relations only escalated when the Americans entered into the dispute in order to aid the French, and this assistance only increased upon the invasion of the South Korea by North Korea in 1950. McCarthyism enabled distrust among the ranks of many political, social, and economic entities in the United States. This distrust fueled not just underground activity and disgruntled feeling toward the United States government, but fierce sentiment against communism also has been considered as a factor in the assassination of later United States presidents and congressmen. It has therefore caused a lot of citizen distrust of the government. Dynamic conservatism. Dynamic conservatism has impacted such areas as civil rights movement, gay rights and women’s rights, as this tendency defines the actions of such groups that would have preferred that the minorities remain unrepresented and repressed. However, the Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s has led to an increased level of equality not just for African Americans, but also for other racial minority groups in the United States. It has been the fore-runner of such policies as affirmative action, which grants places within key organizations and key opportunities for minorities. Politics of consensus has been a method through which harmony has been restored somewhat to the political and social climate of the United States. This form of government has sought to create an open forum in which dialogues now take place regarding issues of great importance to many groups within the country. Consumerism allowed for the expansion of the United States economy, as it boosted consumer confidence, which increased spending and stimulated further economic growth. The involvement of the U.S. in Southeast Asia led to further involvement and was in the Korea and subsequently in Vietnam. This has had a negative impact on the image of presidents in the White House and upon the government as a whole, especially during the Vietnam War period. Anti-war sentiment regarding this was has continued very far beyond that period. This Southeast Asian involvement led to presidents’ refusal to run for a second term and indirectly contributed to Nixon’s resignation. Reference Davidson, J. W. (2002). Nation of nations. New York: McGraw-Hill.   

Love Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet

Love Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet The heart of many of Shakespeare’s works is love and tumultuous relationships. It is not a difficult task to attempt to analyze the relationships of his protagonists. Many of his characters would fit into at least one of the â€Å"love-styles† presented by John Alan Lee. There are many different types of relationships and John Alan Lee aims to categorize them, or breaking them down into â€Å"different colors,† (Lee, 40). The love-styles can be applied to many relationships such as those in the works of Shakespeare. The love styles that John Alan Lee describes can also determine the successfulness of a relationship. He fits the love styles into a diagram and the location of one style†¦show more content†¦Romeo displays all the characteristics of a â€Å"manic† lover. Some of these characteristics common in a manic lover are desperation for love, â€Å"obsessively preoccupied with the beloved (Lee, 45)†, will drift from partner to pa rtner desperately waiting for someone to love them back, and find life unlivable without the beloved. The mania love style, according to Lee tends to be â€Å"the first love-style of young people who eagerly desire to experience the excitement and adventure of love,† (46). Romeo displays all of these characteristics. At the opening of the play, Romeo is having an emotional breakdown over the rejection by Rosaline, but is over it and ready to marry Juliet not much long after the fact. Romeo is not in search of his one true love, he is instead solely searching for one person to love and to have that love requited. After he is rejected by Rosaline, he is very dejected and feels as though he is physically unable to pull himself out of his frame of mind. When Mercutio and Benvolio want him to accompany them he says that he is â€Å"too sore empierced with [Cupid’s] shaft / to soar with his light feathers, and so bound / I cannot bound a pitch above dull woe; / Under love’s heavy burden I do sink,† (I. vi. 19. ). This dramatic behavior is characteristic of a manic lover. One of the most obvious examples of Romeo’s manic behavior is his preference of dying than being banished when he learns of the â€Å"death† ofShow MoreRelatedTheater During the Elizabethan Era Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneration. Shakespeare also wrote numerous plays about love, tragedy, comedy, and the histories. One of Shakespeare’s most beloved play is Romeo and Juliet. This play is a love story and falls under the term tragedy. Romeo and Juliet is the story of two young lovers from different sides of the track. They fall in love but find out that one is Capulet and one is Montague. Their families hate each other for reasons unknown. The play focuses on passionate love, and the imminent death introduced at the beginningRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first division, is t he Period of Early Experimentation (1588-93) To this period belong: Titus Andronicus, Henry VI (three parts), Loves Labours Lost, The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, and Richard II. Other than these plays, he also wrote the two long poems, Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucrece. These were the first of Shakespeares great works, and his experience in writing plays grew with the increasing number of popularRead MoreHow Did Elizabethan Theater Affect Popular Entertainment?1842 Words   |  8 Pages and a few of her poems still exist today. Elizabeth was also into arts and literature. She loved watching plays and dramatic performances. â€Å"She hired her own company of actors called â€Å"The Queen’s Players.† The art spread because of the queen. Her love for poetry, music, and drama helped make it fashionable for the wealthy members of the court to support the arts. Elizabethan Entrepreneurs built theaters for very large audiences. The theater was an expanding industry at the time. Many theaters beganRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare and Macbeth8813 Words   |  36 Pagesan army to return to Scotland. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm tests  Macduff’s  loyalty by telling a series of lies about himself, stating that he will be a worse king even than Macbeth is -- vicious, cruel, greedy, etc.  Ã‚  Macduff  doesn’t know what to do: he loves his country and is loyal to Malcolm but doesn’t want to replace one tyrant with another. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm then says he was just testing  Macduff  and that he will in fact be a good king. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ross arrives from Scotland with the news

A Report On The Albuquerque Police Department - 1502 Words

The Albuquerque Police Department has shot twice as many people as the police departments in cities of similar size (Kim). Police officials claim that Albuquerque has a high number dangerous situations and that firing their weapons is necessary, which hasn’t been proven. Many individuals argue that shooting dangerous suspects is necessary for the police to do their jobs adequately and to protect themselves, which isn’t the case in every situation. Some departments within the Albuquerque Police Department are in need of reform to prevent the number of fatal police shootings within the city.The Albuquerque Police Department would highly benefit from reforms geared toward their officers’ training. It’s clear that there is a problem within the department because of the high number of shootings perpetrated by police. Compared to other cities around the nation, it becomes evident that the number of fatal shootings is highly abnormal, and that reform is necessary to prevent that number from rising even higher. Another factor that proves reform is necessary is that many of the fatally shot were mentally ill, and not criminals. If police were trained on how to deescalate situations instead of shoot, it could prevent unnecessary deaths. Police learning to differentiate between situations when shooting a suspect is required or not could also save the city money. If reform doesn’t happen quickly, it invites more problems. Officers may see that their colleagues aren’t being punishedShow MoreRelatedReducing Police Shootings: A Look at Albuquerque Police Department Shootings974 Words   |  4 PagesAre the police warranted in self-defense or are the police using excessive force and how does this ratio of shootings in Albuquerque compare to other cities in similar size and population? The fallout shows the sides of two groups of people who believe they are in the right. The activists against police involved shootings believe that the officers of Albuquerque react to situations with deadly force too often and necessitate changes. The supporters of the police force believe that the shootingsRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Cameras On Police Work1722 Words   |  7 Pagescity with positive results from the use of body-cameras. In Rialto, police began wearing body-cameras a little less than three years ago. As a result of officers wearing body-cameras, citizens’ complaints against police officers dropped 88 percent and use of force by police officers dropped 60 percent from the previous 12 month period when body-cameras were not in use. 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(Youth Services Center) In a publication I found a research on Evidence- Bases Adult Corrections Program – What Works and What Does Not. In this report, the outcome is to determine the reduction of crime reduction in offenders. There research question is straight forward: â€Å"What works, if anything to lower the recidivism rates of adult offenders?† They applied methodology in this study and theirRead MoreSchool Uniforms And The Success Of Public Schools1099 Words   |  5 Pageswith violence, failing school districts, and attendance policies (U.S Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences) and uniform policies have been proven to benefit such schools. Many schools implement a school uniform to combat violence and gang related activities. Gangs present a growing challenge for schools, particularly those within an urban setting. 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While more often than not, police brutality violates the concept of human rights it is still a very important task to discuss the topic and create possible solutions to such a concerning and threatening issues in the United States. In this case, statistics is a very important factor that is required to display how serious ofRead MorePolice Brutality On The American Public2006 Words   |  9 PagesAbdarahmane Toure English II Dr. Hollins Ph.D Solution Problem Thesis Police Brutality It is never a bad time to discuss matters of police brutality since at any given time some American gets pulled over or chased down the streets. When the police get hold of him, they probably will use excessive force in getting him to the ground and cuffing him, they might beat him a little bit in the process, just at the scene or maybe later at the station

American Education The Afflicted System - 1210 Words

Children are the unbridled hopes and dreams of society. They embody power, ambition, and innocence. Children are the untainted saviors of the future. They are full of energy and have minds developing at a rate that is perfect for being educated. They are the future of the world. Everyone wants to invest in the future for whatever personal vendetta they may have. With the amount of emphasis on children and education it is not surprising that the processes by which the next generation is being taught has become scrutinized on many occasions. American public education has been a major issue for almost as long as it has been around. Many movements and people have tried solutions that they believe will solve the problems with the education system. Some solutions had good intentions but were not implemented well. Other solutions had little to no benefits on the system. Education has taken the back seat and allowed standardized testing to drive. American education has become a deformed and twisted system with many flaws that are in desperate need of repair. The Beginnings of American Public Education Early British colonist established the first schools in America. The schools in the Northern states closely resembled those used in Great Britain. Most children attended school to learn the basics of arithmetic, reading, and writing. White males of higher-level socioeconomic families would then receive higher education and possibly attend college. The schools were community basedShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Become Involved With The American Lyme Disease Foundation835 Words   |  4 PagesMeghan Pratt COM 101 Professor Miller Proposition of Policy: Become involved with the American Lyme Disease Foundation. Introduction: Imagine, as a 12 year old, not being able to move. Every part of your body feels like lead and you’re barely able to lift your head up. 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With the amount of undiagnosed mental illnesses and disorders as well as the number of suicide attempts that occur daily, it should become a priority for the education system to introduce public classes on mental illness for not just adults or teens but for younger children as well. Educating

Training and Development Environment for Team Work- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTraining and Development Environment for Team Work. Answer: Introduction Training and retention of employees are the most significant aspects among the ten forces in training and development environment. It is undeniable that learning is continuous in most of the companies that have been successful and those that want to remain at the top of the ever-changing and competing market (Smith, 2017). In my workplace, as an operational manager in the Barista Information Technology Limited, that mainly deals in manufacturing mobile phones and other electronic devices, I have realized that the success of a company mostly depends on the team that works mutually to a common objective, and it is not an easy task to build such a team as supported by Ulrich (2017). Creating such a team always takes not less than six months and might proceed for years. It is, therefore, critical to a manager to have the capability of identifying the potential in every employee and help in nurturing them instead of letting them go unnecessarily according to Noe and Winker (2012). Technol ogical advancement is one of the industry consisting of diverse customers with ever-changing taste and needs that will never be satisfied at ones with one device, thus offers a space for development and competition in inevitability. The continuous technological change and development makes me as the operational manager to put more emphasis on it to ensure that the company remains in commanding the market through conducting proper strategic training and development on various skills such as customers services, innovation, teamwork and many others (Makikangas et al., 2016). Throughout the years, I have realized that practice also plays an essential role in retaining the best skills, since after training; the employees will always tend to feel that their contribution is significant to the company. According to Noe and Winker (2012), there are different forces that drive and determine the process of learning in a workplace, and among them improving team work skills is the most significant. Improving the teamwork skills Organizations success depends mostly on the employee's capability and collaboration with one another. As the company that consists of about 400 employees ranging from different ranks and performing different tasks that depend on one another to have the final products, the best team tends to enhance the individual ability and encourage all the partners to improve as an individual as well as a team (White, 2017). A mutually relating team always tends to do the best, beat other companies, and at the same time strive to remain at the top. To this company, the following areas need to be addressed to ensure that the Information Department is at the par with the global technological needs. To improve the skills in team, as the manager the following are very essential. Leadership Leadership tends to go beyond the management expectations of balancing budgets and schedules of an organization (Taplin et al., 2013). Therefore, to successfully offer leadership, the manager must be able to set goals and achieve them within the timeline with the help of the employees. Most of the leaders tend to have their way rather than incorporating employees ideas that might bring a breakthrough in the company. Such managers find it difficult to build a respective team members that can be retained and be able to retain it at the same time improving, leadership is a critical issue. Without proper team leadership, then the team members tend to go against or lose the organizations path. With such strays, the goals of the company tend to be difficult to achieve. Every leadership style tends to affect the commitment of the employees. Therefore, it is to my advantage to have and practice more participative leadership that will motivate the employees that their ideas count to the success of the company (Ulrich, 2017). With such motivation, the members will be willing to go the extra mile in taking the risk to try new ideas that will result in innovation skills. Hire the right people Team building entails having the right people rather than the best. Employees are the backbone of every business and company, therefore having the right people will give me as the manager, comfortable time in nurturing them into the line of the company (Fajcikova Urbancova, 2017). To most of the managers, who tend to pick the most experienced and talented, always face a difficult time in dealing with the Know all notion of the employees hence nurturing and developing them continuously becomes a difficult task. During the hiring, I will take into account how each interviewee will contribute to the company and how will he or she collaborate with others to have a shared vision. Innovation Innovation is a critical skill for every technology company that strives to be successful and remain as the commander of the market. All the employees in Barista must all be flexible and creative to build both simple and sophisticated appliance that will satisfy the needs of various customers (Azzam, 2013). The creativity is achievable through the provision of the free-work environment that will allow my employees to have their experiments. The free-work environment is improvable also through constructing different working spaces to the best innovators to provide privacy to their work. Besides, these secure rooms will also allow them to work at their own time that they feel very productive. Learning culture As the team builder, every member should be able to know that learning is a process and never stops. With the culture of learning in the system, it is possible to continue training and developing all employees irrespective of the ranks and achievements (Yan et al., 2017). The culture will allow every person to try different things in different departments, such as allowing a graphic designer to be in the marketing department or act as a project manager for some time. As a result, there will be a development of brainstorming in issues that could not be identified by people working in those areas, eventually results in learning system and improvement. Such problems identified and addressed by team members from other departments, also help in creating a stronger bond within them. Project plan for improving the teamwork skills Conducting Needs Assessment -Proper training is achievable after identification of the needs that is done using the SWOT analysis, to determine the strength and weakness of every individual in the innovation and production department. The process will allow me to identify the gaps that hinder the company from making advancement in technological growth (Knapp Mujtaba, 2011). With the gaps, I will ensure that the employees understand the need for them to take training in the devices that are required. It is observable that most of the employees cannot adequately use the circuit board and the connections which are the basis of every mobile phone. Ensuring readiness for training and environment-After the identification of the need for training, which is to make all the employees be at the par with the mobile circuit board, as the operation manager, I will ensure that the employees are both mentally and physically ready for the training (Schneider et al., 2011). This is achievable through preparing them that learning is a process and it does not mean any form of dumbness. Both the environment and the trainees are well chosen, to offer free atmosphere. Ensuring transfer of training-On-site training is good since it offers them to interact with the equipment that they will use daily. However, off-job training offers that peaceful mind and creates some sense of seriousness. The trainer's pact should be well-known innovators from most trusted companies such as Samsung, Sonny, and many others. The method of training should ensure that it covers all the skills, and therefore, the appropriate methods that will conform with the objectives of the training include lecturing, use of both audio and visual equipment and simulation. Developing an evaluation plan-The evaluation plan is essential in the determination of the achievement of the objectives. The evaluation shall be done severally during the process, through various means to determine the level of skills acquirement. The evaluations methods will include small questions to the trainees, both practical and theory. During the evaluation, the trainers to enable proper adjustment to the plan note discrepancies down. Selecting training method-For the training, the off-job training method is the most significant one from the trainees. They will give the trainees ample time to concentrate on the objectives of the training since in the vestibule training they are capable of learning deeply on machines and other devices that are critical for the manufacturing of the mobile phones. Besides they are farther away from all the job and domestic issues. Training method will include both the traditional methods and the e-learning. Monitoring and evaluation of the program-The monitoring and evaluation of the training shall be done through job rotation, to ensure that the trainees are actually at the par with the training objectives of acquiring more knowledge and skills in the circuit board connections through conducting another SWOT analysis (Quan Ian, 2015). The achievements are observable on the companys production, the behavior of the participants and from the supervisor's reports. With the objectives achieved, the employees can be rotated creating easy time when a colleague is taking time-off, off-peak periods or even sickness periods. Summary Employee training and development is critical to the success of every business organization and is always a continuous process no matter how successful the company or the individual is. To have the best employees, team building need to focus on both the skills and bonding should be the key role of every leader of an organization that is capable of identifying the strengths and weakness of the company, as attributed by every employee. The best talented should be used to train and develop the weak during on-job training programs, and proper training and development should follow a specific process to ensure that the objective is achievable. References Azzam, A. (2013). As technology and generations in medical education change, what remains is the intersection between educator, learners, assessment and context. International Review Of Psychiatry, 25(3), 347-356. doi:10.3109/09540261.2013.787048 Chanhoo, S., Kwangseo Ryan, P., Seung-Wan, K. (2015). Servant Leadership And Team Performance: The Mediating Role Of Knowledge-Sharing Climate. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 43(10), 1749-1760. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1749 Faj?kov, A., Urbancov, H. (2017). The Role Of Organizations In Lifelong Learning And Development. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 65(2), 621-630. doi:10.11118/actaun201765020621 Gokdas, I., Torun, F. (2017). Examining the Impact of Instructional Technology and Material Design Courses on Technopedagogical Education Competency Acquisition According to Different Variables. Educational Sciences: Theory Practice, 17(5), 1733-1758. doi:10.12738/estp.2017.5.0322 Knapp, P. R., Mujtaba, B. G. (2011). Strategies for the Design and Administration of Assessment Center Technology: A Case Study for the Selection and Development of Employees. Journal Of Business Studies Quarterly, 2(2), 154-171. Mkikangas, A., Aunola, K., Seppl, P., Hakanen, J. (2016). Work engagement-team performance relationship: shared job crafting as a moderator. Journal Of Occupational Organizational Psychology, 89(4), 772-790. doi:10.1111/joop.12154 Parmelee, D. X., Hudes, P. (2012). Team-based learning: A relevant strategy in health professionals' education. Medical Teacher, 34(5), 411-413. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.643267 Quan, L., Di, Y., Lan, L. (2015). Factors Influencing Knowledge-Sharing Behaviors And Learning Effect: A Multilevel Investigation. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 43(10), 1683-1698. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1683 Schneider, V. I., Healy, A. F., Barshi, I., Kole, J. A. (2011). Following navigation instructions presented verbally or spatially: Effects on training, retention and transfer. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(1), 53-67. doi:10.1002/acp.1642 Smith, S. P. (2017). Adult Learners: Effective Training Methods. Professional Safety, 62(12), 22-25. Taplin, S. H., Foster, M. K., Shortell, S. M. (2013). Organizational Leadership For Building Effective Health Care Teams. Annals Of Family Medicine, 11(3), 279-281. doi:10.1370/afm.1506 Ulrich, B. (2017). Using Teams to Improve and Performance. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 44(2), 141-152. White, A. (2017). Driving Business Retention, Expansion And Attraction Programs To A Higher Level Through Talent Pipeline Management. Economic Development Journal, 16(4), 28-36. Yan, R., Baiyin, Y., Lin, M. (2017). Leaders' Sense Of Power And Team Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 45(4), 641-656. Doi:10.2224/Sbp.5662

The Hand Is the Instrument of the Mind free essay sample

The human hand, so delicate and so complicated, not only allows the mind to reveal itself but it enables the whole being to enter into special relationships with its environment. We might even say that man â€Å"takes possession of his environment with his hands†. (Montessori M, The Secret of Childhood, 1972, p 81) Maria Montessori stated that our hands are what put us as humans above the rest of the animal species. This is because humans are the only species to use their hands separately to their legs, and humans use their hands to create and change their environment to suit their needs. Our hands are not simply used instinctively, but are guided by our minds. Our minds are also guided by the development activities of the hand! That is to say, when we are born we all have the same basic hands, but our minds are what determine what we do with them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hand Is the Instrument of the Mind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The work of our hands reflects our skills or intelligence, as the paintings of an artist reflect his creative skill, or the music of a pianist reflects his musically developed mind. Also our hands’ experience helps us to learn and develop our minds. Sensorial materials focus very much on using the hand to build the child’s intelligence. While building the Pink Tower or Broad Stair he is exposed to concepts such as height, depth, length and breadth. When his fingers feel the ‘Touch Boards’ and ‘Touch Tablets’ he learns concepts like rough and smooth. Holding the Baric Tablets teach him what light and heavy means. As he places his palms on the Thermic Tablets he will discover the difference between hot and cold. Using his hands he will shake the sound cylinders and his mind will be exposed to louder and softer. Our minds or brain form an idea, instruction or thought, our hands put these ideas into action. The brain continues to correct and perfect the hands creation until satisfaction in the end product is achieved. i. e. the hand carries out the brains desire and wishes. Therefore, it is important for the activities of the hand to be development perfectly whereby movement of the hand is refined. â€Å"The more delicate the work, the more it needs the care and attention of an intelligent mind to guide it. † The sensorial materials are designed to develop or train the senses, and it is this material that does the teaching through the childs sensorial manipulation of it. The materials are appealing to the child and are designed to prepare the child for future work. Because of the graded, (strong contrasts to more delicate differences) sequential order (easier to more difficult skills that build on one another) of the materials, the child’s ability to perceive things in a more refined way and ordered way becomes apparent. Opportunity for repetition is encouraged as repetition is what builds and exercise the senses, and builds up the intellectual information in the brain. It is agreed then that Montessori in stating; â€Å"The whole business of the mind is to guide the business of the hand† implies that must movement and development of the hand through means of practical and concrete manipulation is needed for the intellect to develop.